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Common discomforts during pregnancy
Rapidly rising levels of the female hormone estrogen in the first three months of pregnancy cause nausea and vomiting in many women. The nausea usually goes away during the second trimester. These symptoms are often referred to as "morning sickness" because they usually occur in the morning (although they can occur at any time during the day or night).

Because the nausea is most likely to occur if your stomach is empty, taking the following steps may help you avoid it:

  • Get out of bed slowly in the morning; sit on the edge of the bed for a few minutes before getting up. Have crackers available at your bedside and eat one or two as soon as you get up.
  • Eat dry toast, crackers, or a peeled apple every few hours during the day.
  • Drink plenty of beverages or soups throughout the day but avoid those that are either very hot or very cold.
  • Avoid odors that make you feel nauseous.
  • Avoid foods that are greasy, fried, or highly seasoned, especially those containing pepper, chilies, and garlic.
  • Do not take medicine without your doctor's OK.
  • Contact your doctor if your nausea or vomiting becomes severe.

Indigestion

Indigestion occurs when food and acids from your stomach back up into your esophagus (the tube that leads from your mouth to your stomach). This often occurs during pregnancy because hormones relax the muscles between the stomach and esophagus. Your enlarging abdomen can also contribute to indigestion by pressing on your stomach and esophagus. Signs of indigestion include heartburn (a feeling of discomfort, fullness, or burning in your upper abdomen), nausea, or bloating.

To avoid indigestion, eat several small meals during the day instead of three large ones. Avoid foods that cause gas or irritate your stomach, including spicy foods or acidic foods such as citrus fruits. Don't lie down for at least an hour after you eat and don't exercise for at least 2 hours after you eat.

Constipation

About half of all pregnant women experience some constipation. Hormones released during pregnancy slow the movement of food through your digestive tract. Constipation is often most severe during the last trimester, when your enlarged uterus puts pressure on your rectum, making it difficult to pass stool.

You can avoid constipation by eating a high-fiber diet and drinking plenty of liquids. Eat a bowl of high-fiber cereal such as bran flakes for breakfast and lots of fruits and vegetables throughout the day. Drink at least eight glasses of water each day. If you have severe constipation, talk to your doctor about using a natural fiber laxative.

Hemorrhoids (Piles)

Constipation can put pressure on veins in the rectum, causing hemorrhoids (swollen veins in the rectum that may protrude and bleed).

Because eating plenty of fiber-rich foods and drinking fluids help relieve constipation, doing so can also help prevent hemorrhoids. Try not to strain during bowel movements, and do not use over-the-counter hemorrhoid medications without talking to your doctor.

Fatigue

Most women feel more tired than usual during pregnancy especially during the first and third trimesters.

Get enough sleep throughout your pregnancy, and rest, if only for a few minutes, whenever you can.

Backache

Lower back pain is a common problem during pregnancy as the growing uterus puts strain on the lower back.

To prevent or relieve lower back pain:

  • Do not wear shoes with heels higher than 1 inch.
  • Bend your knees when lifting; do not bend from the waist.
  • Avoid lifting children and other heavy objects.
  • Rest one foot on a stool or box if you have to stand for a long time.
  • Sleep on your side with your upper knee bent and supported by a pillow.
  • Apply a heating pad to the sore area.

Leg cramps

Many pregnant women develop cramps in their legs during the last 3 months of pregnancy, usually while they are lying down.

Stretching your calf muscles right before you go to bed and first thing in the morning may help prevent cramping in your legs. If you get a cramp in the middle of the night, get up and walk around slowly until it goes away.

Swollen ankles

You may find that your ankles and feet swell as your pregnancy progresses. This swelling is caused by the increasing pressure your enlarging uterus puts on the veins that carry blood from your legs to your heart.

To help improve the circulation of blood in your legs, try to lie down and put your feet on a raised pillow several times throughout the day. Sit with your feet elevated as often as possible

Dental problems

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause sore, swollen gums, sometimes so severe that eating is painful.

To prevent gum swelling and pain, brush and floss your teeth at least twice a day with a soft brush. Try to limit sweets and avoid snacking throughout the day. If your gums hurt or bleed when you brush your teeth, see your dentist right away. You may need a special cleaning or treatment. If not treated, some forms of gum disease can lead to loss of teeth.

Warning signs you should not ignore

Although most of the discomforts you experience during pregnancy are normal and no cause for concern, but some may indicate serious problems. Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following:

Pain

Any prolonged or sharp pain in your pelvis or abdomen during pregnancy may be a sign of trouble. Abdominal pain can also be a sign of a condition other than pregnancy that requires immediate treatment

Bleeding or fluid leaking from the vagina

Bleeding and cramping in early pregnancy can be signs of miscarriage. Vaginal bleeding may also be a sign that your pregnancy has developed outside of your uterus, which can be very dangerous. In later pregnancy, bleeding could mean that the placenta (the organ through which the fetus is supplied blood) is low in the womb or is separating. These are both serious conditions which need immediate attention.

Loss or reduction in movements

A loss or reduction of fetal movements could indicate that the fetus is not active. This can occur when the supply of blood and oxygen to the fetus are reduced. The condition of the fetus needs to be assessed as soon as possible in these situations.

Weight gain

Gaining more than 2 pounds a week during pregnancy and sudden swelling of your feet, hands, and face can be signs of high blood pressure. If not treated, high blood pressure can worsen and cause dangerous problems for both you and your fetus.

Headaches, blurred vision, pain in the upper right abdomen

Headaches, blurred vision, or pain in the upper right abdomen may be signs of high blood pressure, which can be dangerous during pregnancy.

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